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Citation guides
How to format in-text citations and reference lists in the major styles, with examples you can copy.
Citation styles
Full guides to each major referencing style.
- AMA Citation Style: A Complete Guide to the 11th EditionHow AMA 11th edition works: superscript in-text numbers, author name rules and reference examples for journal articles, books, chapters and websites.
- APA 7th Edition Citation Guide with ExamplesHow to cite in APA 7: in-text citations, reference list rules, formats for journals, books, chapters, webpages, reports and dissertations, and paper layout essentials.
- Chicago Style Citation: Notes-Bibliography and Author-Date ExplainedHow both Chicago systems work, with footnote, shortened note, bibliography and author-date examples for books, journal articles and websites.
- Harvard Referencing Guide with ExamplesHow Harvard author-date referencing works, how versions differ, and examples for in-text citations, journal articles, books, chapters, websites, reports and secondary sources.
- IEEE Citation Style: In-Text Citations and Reference List ExamplesThe numbered system used in engineering and computer science: bracket citations, reference list rules and examples for journals, conference papers, books, websites, standards and theses.
- MHRA Referencing: Footnotes and BibliographyHow MHRA referencing works in the humanities: footnote and bibliography formats for books, journal articles, chapters and websites, shortened notes and common mistakes.
- MLA 9th Edition: Works Cited, in-Text Citations and Format RulesHow MLA 9 works: the core elements and containers, in-text citations for every common case, Works Cited examples and the page format rules.
- OSCOLA Referencing Guide for Law StudentsHow to cite cases, legislation, EU and human rights materials, books, articles and websites in OSCOLA 4th edition, with footnote, short-form and bibliography examples.
- Turabian Citation Style: Footnotes, Bibliography and Paper FormatThe student version of Chicago style: notes-bibliography and author-date citations, examples for books, articles and websites, and the paper format rules Turabian adds.
- Vancouver Referencing: A Complete Guide with ExamplesHow Vancouver referencing works in medicine, nursing and health: numbered in-text citations, author rules and reference list formats for journals, books, chapters, websites and reports.
How to cite specific sources
Books, journal articles, websites, dissertations and in-text citations.
- APA in-Text Citations: Rules and Examples for APA 7Parenthetical and narrative formats, quotations and paraphrases, multiple authors, group authors, missing details and secondary sources, all in APA 7th edition.
- How to Avoid PlagiarismWhat counts as plagiarism, the main types, how similarity checkers work, and the quoting, paraphrasing and note-taking habits that keep your work honest.
- How to Cite a Book in Every Major StyleSide-by-side book citation formats and examples for APA 7, MLA 9, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver and IEEE, plus editions, edited books, chapters and ebooks.
- How to Cite a Dissertation or Thesis in APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago and VancouverReference list and in-text formats for dissertations and theses from ProQuest, university repositories and print copies, across five major styles.
- How to Cite a Journal Article in Every Major StyleReference list and in-text formats for citing a journal article in APA 7th, MLA 9th, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver and IEEE, with examples and DOI rules.
- How to Cite a Website in APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago and VancouverWhat to record before you cite, how to handle missing authors and dates, and correct website citation formats in five common styles.
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